Abundance of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere 186626-Increasing abundance of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
Currently, tropospheric ozone (O3) is the third most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide (CO 2) and methane (CH 4) It is a product of photochemistry, and its future abundance is controlled primarily by emissions of CH4, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOAtmosphere Greenhouse gases can also reabsorb solar radiation reflected or reemitted from Earth's surface, trapping the heat in our atmosphere instead of letting it escape to space The Greenhouse Effect is a natural process essential for life on Earth, because itCarbon dioxide controls the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere and thus the size of the greenhouse effect Rising carbon dioxide concentrations are already causing the planet to heat up At the same time that greenhouse gases have been increasing, average global temperatures have risen 08 degrees Celsius (14 degrees Fahrenheit) since 10
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Increasing abundance of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere-Greenhouse gases are gases in the earth's atmosphere that trap heat During the day, the sun shines through the atmosphere, warming the earth's surface At night, earth's surface cools, releasing heat back into the air But some of the heat is trapped by the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere That's what keeps the earth's temperature atGases other than N2, O2, Ar, and H2O are present in the atmosphere at extremely low concentrations and are called trace gases Despite their low concentrations, these trace gases can be of critical importance for the greenhouse effect, the ozone layer, smog, and other environmental issues
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Figure 71 Rise in the concentrations of greenhouse gases since the 18th century As we will see in section 73, simple theory shows that a rise in greenhouse gases should result in surface warming; For example, water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas, but carbon dioxide has a more significant impact on global warming due to its abundance in the atmosphere plus its relatively longSince the Industrial Revolution in the late 1700s and early 1800s, people have been releasing large quantities of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere That amount has skyrocket ed in the past century Greenhouse gas emission s increased 70 percent between 1970 and 04
Methane (CH 4) is a greenhouse gas that is much stronger than carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), 34 times stronger if compared over a 100year period While concentrations of methane in the atmosphere are Because of the greenhouse effect created by these trace gases, the average temperature of the Earth is around 15˚C, or 59˚F, which allows for life to exist CO2 makes up only about 004% of the atmosphere, and water vapor can vary from 0 to 4% But while water vapor is the dominant greenhouse gas in our atmosphere, it has "windows" thatAbundance in the atmosphere Water vapor, despite being the most abundant GHG, is not discussed below because natural concentrations and fluctuations far outweigh anthropogenic influences, making it impossible to predict
The Principal Greenhouse Gases and Their Sources Water Vapor NCDC explains that changes in the concentration of water vapor result from climate feedbacks related to the Carbon dioxide (CO2) Carbon dioxide (not to be confused with carbon monoxide, CO, associated with vehicle tail pipe Methane8 rows Main Greenhouse Gases Multiple gases contribute to the greenhouse effect that sets Earth'sGreenhouse gases come from all sorts of everyday activities, such as using electricity, heating our homes, and driving around town The graph to the right shows which activities produce the most greenhouse gases in the United States These greenhouse gases don't just stay in one place after they're added to the atmosphere
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Greenhouse Gases CHAPTER 4 Why some gases are greenhouse gases, but most aren't, and some are stronger than others About Gases The layer model is what is called an idealization of the real world It has the essential ingredient of the greenhouse effect, but it is missing numerous things that are important in the real atmosphereAtmospheric Concentrations and Trends of Longlived Greenhouse Gases The atmospheric concentrations of the major longlived greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide(CO2),methane(CH4),nitrous oxide(N2O),chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and carbon tetrachloride(CCI4)continue to increase because of human activities Methane, by contrast, is mostly removed from the atmosphere by chemical reaction, persisting for about 12 years Thus although methane is a potent greenhouse gas, its effect is relatively shortlived
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That sunlight creates warmth The big trick of a greenhouse is that it doesn't let that warmth escape That's exactly how greenhouse gases act They let sunlight pass through the atmosphere, but they prevent the heat that the sunlight brings from leaving the atmosphere Overall, greenhouse gases are a good thingNitrous oxides emitted today lasts about a century"Dumping greenhouse gases into the atmosphere makes the atmosphere more humid And since water vapor is itself a greenhouse gas, the increase in humidity amplifies the warming from carbon dioxide" Specifically, the team found that if Earth warms 18 degrees Fahrenheit, the associated increase in water vapor will trap an extra 2 Watts of
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Graph by NOAA Climategov based on data from NOAA ESRL According to the 19 AGGI report, the combined heating influence of the longlived, humanproduced greenhouse gases is 314 Watts for every square meter of Earth's surface Just over 80 percent of that is due to carbon dioxide (66%) and methane (16%)Trees are natural consumers of carbon dioxide – one of the greenhouse gases whose buildup in the atmosphere contributes to global warming Destruction of trees not only removes these "carbon sinks," but tree burning and decomposition pump into the atmosphere even more carbon dioxide, along with methane, another major greenhouse gasThe first three are natural greenhouse gases that have been in the atmosphere for at least hundreds of millions of years, but have very sharply increased recently The other greenhouse gases are, or have been, made by the chemical industry, and were not present in the atmosphere before the mid th century
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However, these gases contribute little to the greenhouse effectCarbon dioxide gas to the atmosphere Greenhouse gases and aerosols affect climate by altering incoming solar radiation and out going infrared (thermal) radiation that are part of Earth's energy balance Changing the atmospheric abundance or properties of these gases and particles can lead to a warming or cooling of the climate systemResulting in the buildup of heat in the atmosphere called the greenhouse effect The high absorption rate of IR waves by these gases differentiates them from others in abundance in the atmosphere, such as nitrogen which is not a greenhouse gas The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon that is critical to providing the temperature
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Water vapor The most abundant greenhouse gas, but importantly, it acts as a feedback to the climate Water vapor increases as the Earth's atmosphere warms, but so does the possibility of clouds and precipitation, making these some of the most important feedback mechanisms to the greenhouse effect Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Concentration, or abundance, is the amount of a particular gas in the air Larger emissions of greenhouse gases lead to higher concentrations in the atmosphere Greenhouse gas concentrations are measured in parts per million, parts per billion, and even parts per trillion Though carbon monoxide does not cause climate change directly, its presence affects the abundance of greenhouse gases such as methane and carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide forms whenever carbonbased fuels—including coal, oil, natural gas
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The Earth's atmosphere is a mixture of gases, mostly consisting of oxygen (21%) and nitrogen (78%);Key Points The warming influence of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere continues to increase substantially as it has over the last several decades In , the AGGI was 147, re This imbalance between greenhouse gas emissions and the ability for natural processes to absorb those emissions has resulted in a continued increase in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases Concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere have increased by about 40% since the mid1800s
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Carbon has the longevity and abundance over the other greenhouse gases Carbon dioxide emitted today lasts in the atmosphere for over a thousand years In comparison, methane emitted today lasts about a decade;Although much less abundant than nitrogen and oxygen in Earth's atmosphere, carbon dioxide is an important constituent of our planet's air A molecule of carbon dioxide (CO 2) is made up of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms Carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas that helps to trap heat in our atmosphereHow the greenhouse effect works It's thought that the buildup of greenhouse gases impacts on global temperature in two ways The gases allow more of the sun's rays to enter the atmosphere
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This chart displays pre1978 changes in the CO2equivalent abundance and AGGI based on the ongoing measurements of all greenhouse gases reported here, measurements of CO2 going back to the 1950s from CD Keeling and atmospheric changes derived from air trapped in ice and snow above glaciers Equivalent CO2 atmospheric amounts (in ppm) are derived with003% (variable) Carbon dioxide Molecular nitrogen Argon Principal components of the Martian atmosphere The atmosphere of Mars is the layer of gases surrounding Mars It is primarily composed of carbon dioxide (95%), molecular nitrogen (28%) and argon (2%) It also contains trace levels of water vapor, oxygen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and noble gases With climate change, Earth is getting warmer as greenhouse gases build up and trap more heat in the atmosphere These warmer temperatures cause increased evaporation of water from places like oceans, lakes, streams and soil This leads to higher levels of water vapor in the atmosphere, which means that precipitation events tend to be heavier
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The uncertainty lies in the magnitude of the responseIt is well established that the global mean surface temperature of the Earth has increased over the past century by about 06 K The relative importance of a greenhouse gas depends on its abundance in Earth's atmosphere and how much the gas can absorb specific wavelengths of energy An effective absorber of infrared radiation has a broader absorption profile, which means that it can absorb a wider spectrum of wavelengths
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